西湖十景（Ten Views of the West Lake）
西湖十景形成于南宋时期，基本围绕西湖分布，有的就位于湖上。苏堤春晓、曲苑风荷、平湖秋月、断桥残雪、柳浪闻莺、花港观鱼、雷峰夕照、双峰插云、南屏晚钟、三潭印月，西湖十景个擅其胜，组合在一起又能代表古代西湖胜景精华，所以无论杭州本地人还是外地山水客都津津乐道，先游为快。
1、苏堤春晓（Spring Dawn at Su Causeway）
苏堤南起南屏山麓，北到栖霞岭下，全长近三公里，她是北宋大诗人苏东坡任杭州知州时，疏浚西湖，利用挖出的葑泥构筑而成。后人为了纪念苏东坡治理西湖的功绩将她命名为苏堤。长堤卧波，连接了南山北山，给西湖增添了一道妩媚的风景线。南宋时，苏堤春晓被列为西湖十景之首，元代又称之为“六桥烟柳”而列入钱钱十景，足见她自古就深受人们喜爱。
寒冬一过，苏堤犹如一位翩翩而来的报春使者，杨柳夹岸，艳桃灼灼，更有湖波如镜，映照倩影，无限柔情。最动人心的，莫过于晨曦初露，月沉西山之时，轻风徐徐吹来，柳丝舒卷飘忽，置身堤上，勾魂销魂。
苏堤长堤延伸，六桥起伏，为游人提供了可以悠闲漫步而又观瞻多变的游赏线。走在堤、桥上，湖山胜景如画图般展开，万种风情，任人领略。苏堤上的六座拱桥，自南向北依名为映波、锁澜、望山、压堤、东浦和跨虹。桥头所见，各领风骚：映波桥与花港公园又相邻，垂杨带跨雨，烟波摇漾；锁澜桥近看小瀛洲，远望保叔塔，近实远虚；望山桥上西望，丁家山岚翠可挹，双峰插云巍然入目；压堤桥约居苏堤南北的黄金分割位，旧时又是湖船东来西去的水道通行口，“苏堤春晓”景碑亭就在桥南；东浦桥有理由怀疑是“束浦桥的讹传，这里是湖上观日出佳点之一；跨虹桥看雨后长空彩虹飞架，湖山沐晖，如入仙境。
交通情况：乘507、504、K4、游2路苏堤站下。
2、曲苑风荷（Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard）
曲院风荷，以夏日观荷为主题，承苏堤春晓而居西湖十景第二位。“曲院”原是南宋朝廷开设的酿酒作坊，位于今灵隐路洪春桥附近，濒临当时的西湖湖岸，近岸湖面养殖荷花，每逢夏日，和风徐来，荷香与酒香四处飘逸，令人不饮亦醉。南宋诗人王洧有诗赞道：“避暑人归自冷泉，埠头云锦晚凉天。爱渠香阵随人远，行过高桥方买船。”后曲院逐渐衰芜，湮废。清康熙帝品题西湖十景后，在苏堤跨虹桥畔建曲院风荷景碑亭。遗留下来的，只不过是一处小小庭院院前湖面小小荷花一片而已。
曲院风荷最引人注目的仍是夏日赏荷。公园内大小荷花池中栽培了上百个品种的荷花，其中特别迷人的要数风荷景区。这里以水面为主，分布着红莲、白莲、重台莲、洒金莲、并蒂莲等等名种荷花，莲叶田田，菡萏妖娆。水面上架设了造型各异的小桥，人从桥上过，如在荷中行，人倚花姿，花映人面，花，人两相恋。
交通情况：乘507、538、15路曲院风荷站下。
3、平湖秋月（Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake）
平湖秋月景区位于白堤西端， 孤山南麓，濒临外西湖。其实，作为西湖十景之一， 南宋时平湖秋月并无固定景址，这从当时以及元，明两朝文人赋咏此景的诗词多从泛归舟夜湖，舟中赏月的角度抒写不难看出，如南宋孙锐诗中有“月冷寒泉凝不流， 棹歌何处泛舟”之句； 明洪瞻祖在诗中写道：“秋舸人登绝浪皱，仙山楼阁镜中尘。“留传千古的明万历年间的西湖十景木刻版画中，《平湖秋月》一图也仍以游客在湖船中举头望月为画面主体。
位于景区偏西处的湖天一碧楼，原是清末民初犹太富商，“冒险家”哈同的私人别墅“罗苑”中的遗物，后来成为中国现代新兴木刻运动的摇篮枣--八艺社所在地。如今，这里辟为西泠书画院，为湖山胜景更添一份书卷气。
交通情况：27路、7路岳坟站下。
4、断桥残雪（Melting Snow at Broken Bridge）
断桥，今位于白堤东端。在西湖古今诸多大小桥梁中，她的名气最大。据说，早在唐朝，断桥就已建成，时人张祜《题杭州孤山寺》诗中就有“断桥”一词。明人汪珂玉《西子湖拾翠余谈》有一段评说西湖胜景的妙语：“西湖之胜，晴湖不如雨湖，雨湖不如月湖，月湖不如雪湖......能真正领山水之绝者，尘世有几人哉！”地处江南的杭州，每年雪期短促，大雪天更是罕见。一旦银妆素裹，便会营造出与常时，常景迥然不同的雪湖胜况。
今日断桥，是一九二一年重建的拱形独孔环洞石桥，长八点八米，宽八点六米，单孔净跨六点一米，年前曾经大修，但古朴淡雅的风貌基本未变。桥东堍有康熙御题景碑亭，亭侧建水榭，题额“云水光中”，青瓦朱栏，飞檐翘角，与桥，亭构成西湖东北隅一幅古典风格的画图。
明画家李流芳《西湖卧游图题跋 --断桥春望》称 ：“往时至湖上，从断桥一望魂销欲死。还谓所知，湖之潋滟熹微，大约如晨光之着树，明月之入庐。盖山水映发，他处即有澄波巨浸，不及也。”由此观之，断桥观瞻，可得湖山之神髓，岂独残雪！
交通情况：K7断桥残雪站下。
5、柳浪闻莺（Orioles singing in the willows）
今日柳浪闻莺，经过近四十多年不断的开发和建设，由当年帝王享受的御花园，演变为普通老百姓的大乐园。她仍以青翠柳色和婉啭莺鸣作为公园景观基调，在沿湖长达千米的堤岸上和园路主干道路沿途载种垂柳及狮柳，醉柳，浣沙柳等特色柳树。在园中部主景区辟闻莺馆，又在距闻莺馆不远处置巨型网笼“百鸟天堂”，营造烟花三月，柳丝飘舞，莺声清丽的氛围。闻莺馆东面，以草坪和密林带为主形成友谊园景区，引种了一批日本樱花，草坪北侧铺石砌台，矗立着”日中不再战纪念碑。闻莺馆西侧，是柳浪闻莺重建时填平水荡沼泽而营造的大草坪，草色遥连西湖碧波青山，大草坪北侧，是迁建来此的康熙御题柳浪闻莺景亭碑；南侧种植了一片高大的乔木树林，与草坪，柳岸及湖光山色构成富于层面，角度变化的生动图景。
公园北部早先的钱王祠，改建成江南私家园林风格，布局的庭院景区，沿用“聚景园”旧称命名。 园内亭台楼榭，假山泉池，小桥流水，矮墙漏窗，奇花异草，各据其位，合为胜景，全园曲径通幽，别有天地。
公园东南辟为群众游园文娱活动场所，建起了露天舞台，成为杭州市民和八方游客晨间锻炼，假日休闲和节日庆典的好去处。 每到夏秋季节，这里又是消暑纳凉“夜花园”，歌舞，戏曲，电影和内容多样，形式丰富，不定期举办的各种各样的花展，灯会民俗风情表演等，吸引着人们。
交通情况：乘K4、38路清波门站下。
6、花港观鱼（Viewing Fish at flower harbor）
花港观鱼公园位于苏堤南段以西，在西里湖与小南湖之间的一块半岛上。南宋时，内侍官允升曾在离这里不远的花家山下结庐建私家花园，园中花木扶疏，引水入池，蓄养五色鱼以供观赏怡情，渐成游人杂沓频频光顾之地，时称卢园又以地近花家山而名以花港。宫廷画师创作西湖十景组画时将它列入其中。清康熙三十八年（一六九九），皇帝玄烨驾临西湖，照例题书花港观鱼景目，用石建碑于鱼池畔。后来乾隆下江南游西湖时，又有诗作题刻于碑阴，诗中有句云：“花家山下流花港，花著鱼身鱼嘬花”。
今日花港观鱼是一座占地二十余公顷的大型公园，全园分为红鱼池，牡丹园，花港，大草坪，密林地五个景区。
交通情况：乘K4、538、K599路苏堤站下。
7、雷峰夕照（Sunset glow at Leifeng pagoda）
雷峰，位于净慈寺前，为南屏山向北伸展的余脉，濒湖勃然隆重起，林木葱郁。其册虽小巧玲珑，名气在湖上却是数一数二，因为山巅曾有吴越时建造的雷峰塔，是西湖众多古塔中最为风光也最为风流的一塔，可惜七十余年前倒掉了塔倒山虚，连山名也换成了夕照山。西湖南岸这座三面临水呈半岛状的名山，当年曾为南宋御花园占据。一九四九年以后，山上种埴了大量香樟、枫香、榆树等观赏树木，夕照林涛，景色依然富丽。
交通情况：K4，游1到净寺下。
8、双峰插云（Twin peaks piercing Clouds）
巍巍天目山东走，其余脉的一支，遇西湖而分弛南北形成西湖风景名胜区的南山、北山。其中的南高峰与北高峰古时均为僧人所占，山巅建佛塔，遥相对峙，迥然高于群峰之上。春秋佳日，岚翠雾白，塔尖入云，时隐时显，远望气势非同一般。南宋时，两峰插云列为西湖十景之一清康熙帝改题为双峰插云，建景碑亭于洪春桥畔。其时双峰古塔毁圮已久，以至连此景原有的内涵也一度难为人知‘插云’者虚言也。设景碑亭于此，实为权宜之计。“浮图对立晓崔巍，积翠浮空霁蔼迷。试向凤凰山上望，南高天近北烟低”。这是南宋诗人王洧的《两峰插云》诗，它告诉人们：双峰插云的景观。
双峰插云虽然自古至今其观赏的地点和方式迭经变化，但南、北两面三刀高峰都是西湖妖山中极富登临之胜的著名山峰却至今未变。南高峰临折西湖，峰高二百五十七米，登山途中，峻岩显露，绝壁峥嵘。登上山巅向东俯瞰，西湖全景历历在目不是画图，胜似画图。北高峰海拔三百十四，是灵隐寺的坐山，从寺西侧上山，石磴多至数千级， 盘折回绕三十六弯，沿途山溪清流回转，林木重叠，古人有诗赞道：‘一路松声长带雨， 半空岚气总成云’。山东侧，建有西湖叭一的载人索道，全长六成余米，上下山往返只需六七分钟。交通情况：乘507、游2路洪春桥站下。
9、南屏晚钟（Evening bell at Nanping hill）
南屏晚钟，也许是西湖十景中问世最早的景目。北宋末即赫有名的画家张择端曾经画过《南屏晚钟图》。尽管此图远不如他的《清明上河图》那么蜚声画坛，但却被记载于明人《天水冰山录》中。南屏山，绵延横陈于西湖南岸，山高不过百米，山体延伸却长达千余米。山上怪石耸秀，绿树惬眼。晴好日 ，满山岚翠在蓝天白云得衬托下 秀色可餐，遇雨雾天，云烟遮遮掩掩，山峦好象翩然起舞，飘渺空灵，若即若离。后周显得元年（九五四），吴越国主钱弘叔在南屏山麓建佛寺慧日永明院，后来成为与灵隐寺并峙于南北的西湖两大佛教道场之一的净慈寺。
南屏山麓另一座著名的佛刹兴教寺始建于北宋开宝五年（九七二），它曾是佛教天台宗山家派的大本营。净慈寺、兴教寺加上附近的中小寺庙，形成继灵隐、天竺之后湖上又一佛寺群落，晨钟幕鼓，焚贝佛号，香烟烛光，南屏山从此添了‘佛国山’的别称南屏晚钟的情韵，悠然成型。南屏山一带山岭由石灰岩构成，山体多孔穴，加以山峰岩壁立若屏障，每当佛寺晚钟敲响，钟声振荡频率传到山上，岩石、洞穴等为其所迫，加速了声波的振动，振幅急遽增大后形成共振。岩石、洞穴便随之产生音箱效应，增强了共鸣。同时，钟声还以相同的频率飞向西湖上空，直达西湖彼岸，碰上对岸由火成岩构成的葛岭、回音迭起。
交通情况：K4，游1到净寺下。
10、三潭印月（Three pools mirroring the moon）
三潭印月岛又名小瀛洲，与湖心亭，阮公墩合称为湖上三岛。全岛连水面在内面积约七公顷，南北有曲桥相通，东西以土堤相连桥堤呈“十”字形交叉，将岛上水面一分为四水面外围是环形堤埂。从空中俯瞰，岛上陆地形如一个特大的“田”字，呈现出湖中有岛，岛中有湖，水景称胜的特色在西湖十景中独具一格，为我国江南水上园林的经典之作。 明万历三十五年（一六零七），钱塘县令聂心汤取湖中葑泥在岛周围筑堤坝，初成湖中湖，作为放生之所。后人在岛南湖中建造三座瓶形小石塔，称为“三潭”，清初岛上又加营建筑曲桥，堂轩，沿内湖环植木芙蓉，复经清光绪间退休将领彭玉麟在此营造别墅，小瀛洲初具风貌。
三潭印月景观富层次，空间多变化，建筑布局匠心独运。从岛北码头上岸，经过先贤祠等两座建筑，即步入九曲平桥，桥上有开网亭，亭亭亭，康熙御碑亭，我心相印亭四座造型各异的亭子，让人走走停停，歇歇看看，或谈笑，或留影，流连观照，饱览美景。
九曲桥东，隔水与一堵白粉短墙相望。墙两端了无衔接，形若屏风。但粉墙上开启四只花饰精美的漏窗，墙内墙外空间隔而不断，相互渗透。墙外游人熙熙攘攘，墙内却幽雅宁静，咫尺之间兀自大异其趣。
交通情况：由西湖坐船前往。
西湖景点中英文对照
时间: 2005-11-29 19:36:27 | [<<] [>>]
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西湖十景 Ten Views of the West Lake
断桥残雪 Melting Snow at Broken Bridge
平湖秋月 Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake
曲院风荷 Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard
双峰插云 Twin peaks piercing Clouds
苏堤春晓 Spring Dawn at Su Causeway
三潭印月 Three pools mirroring the moon
花港观鱼 Viewing Fish at flower harbor
南屏晚钟 Evening bell at Nanping hill
雷峰夕照 Sunset glow at Leifeng pagoda
柳浪闻莺Orioles singing in the willows
新西湖十景 Ten New Views of the West Lake
宝石流霞 Precious stone hill floating in rosy clouds
黄龙吐翠Yellow Dragon cave dressed in green
满垅桂雨Sweet osmanthus rain at Mannjuelong
虎跑梦泉 Dream of the tiger spring
九溪烟树 Nine creeks in misty forest
龙井问茶 Enjoying tea at dragon well
云栖竹径 Bamboo-lined path at Yunqi
玉皇飞云 Flying clouds over jade Emperor hill
吴山天风 Sky wind over Wu Hill
阮墩环碧 Ruan Gong islet submerged in greenery
孤山 Solitary hill
楼外楼 LOU wailou restaurant
西泠印社Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society
西泠桥和苏小小墓 Xiling bridge and Su xiaoxiao tomb
岳飞庙和墓 Yue Fei’s temple and his tomb
杭州花圃 Hangzhou flower nursery
杭州植物园 Hangzhou botanical garden
玉泉Jade spring
灵峰探梅 Visiting Lingfeng for plum bolssoms
灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple
杨公堤 Yang Gong causeway
郭庄 Guo’s villa
涌金池 YOngjin pool
钱王祠 King Qian’s temple
长桥 Long bridge
六和塔 Six harmonies pagoda( Liuhe pagoda)
Bore-watching 看潮、Qiantang Tide 钱塘潮
Dragon Well tea 龙井茶
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[Multimedia] Ten Scenes of the West Lake
2006-05-11 17:13:22 CRIENGLISH.com
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"Rippling waters shimmering on a sunny day, Misty mountains shrouded in rain; Plain or gaily dressed like Xizi; West Lake is always alluring." These are the words used by the celebrated Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo to describe Hangzhou's West Lake.
Regarded by many as China's most beautiful lake, standing on its shores, it's easy to understand Su's allusion to Xizi, reputedly ancient China's most beautiful woman. The subject of many of the country's most famous literary and artistic works, and the inspiration for countless more, West Lake has for centuries been working its charm on all those who gaze upon it.
Located in Hangzhou, a medium-sized city three and a half hours' drive from Shanghai, the lake is a popular day trip included on many Shanghai travel itineraries. Visitors to the lake can plan to spend their time viewing the "Ten Scenes of the West Lake". A collection of ten scenic views formed during the Southern Song Dynasty, they are distributed around and within the lake, and serve to show the charms of the West Lake – through a use of varying locations, varying seasons, and varying times of day. Each scene is unique, and when taken together, are said to present the essence of West Lake scenery, and form the core of any West Lake tour.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
First is the Spring Dawn at Su Causeway, which is a thin strip of land nearly three kilometers long covered with peach and weeping willow trees. In spring, with the lakeside sparkling in the morning dew, birds cheerfully chirping among swaying willow branches, the scent of peach blossoms wafting through the air, you'll question whether you’re in the midst of paradise.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
Then comes the Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard. This typical West Lake scene has earned its fame since the Southern Song Dynasty, when the lakeside area with an abundant growth of lotus off its shores was known as Crooked Courtyard, and was the location of a brewery. People said the smell of lotus flowers and wine blended by the cool lake breezes was intoxicating. Nowadays the brewery is gone, and the area has been turned into a big park, but plenty of lotus plants still bloom off its shores. They stand gracefully erect in the lake, as if they knew they had visitors coming to admire their beauty.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
The next listed on the ten scenic itineraries is the Autumn Moon on Calm Lake. At the western end of Bai Causeway is located a lakeside park which houses a stone tablet bearing the etched calligraphy of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, which reads: "Autumn Moon on Calm Lake". The lake is a special place to appreciate the moon and the effect of moonlight on the land. The moon seems especially bright over the waters. The hills look purplish bathed in the moonlight. The best time for nighttime viewing is on Mid-Autumn Day.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
The most romantic scene of the ten must-see around the West Lake is the Melting Snow on the Broken Bridge. The stone-arched Broken Bridge is where the characters of a famous Chinese folktale, Xu Xian and a beautiful girl, who is actually a white snake, first met and fell in love with each other.
After a snowfall, when the snow on the more exposed side has melted, with the shaded side remaining white, it looks as if a long white belt has been ripped apart on the bridge, thus earning the name "Melting Snow on the Broken Bridge".
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
Retreating from the legendary bridge, here we come to the Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows, an imperial garden built up in the Southern Song Dynasty. Now the once-imperial garden has been turned into a park open to all. Featuring green willows and singing orioles, there are lawns, pavilions, and bridges that are very impressive, as well.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
Another spot to check up the vivid life and catch up with birds chirping out of the ten charms of the West Lake is the Viewing Fish and Lotus Ponds at Flower Pond Over here Flower Pond Park occupies an area of twenty-one hectares on a peninsula in the southwest corner of the lake. In its heart is the Red Fish Pond, where people can relax to the sight of brightly colorful fish swimming around and to the brisk melody of chirpy birdsong. To stay with nature is a highly enjoyable experience.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
Leifeng Pagoda is another renowned scenic spot in Hangzhou. Originally built in the 10th century, Leifeng Pagoda used to stand in front of Jingxi Temple on Nanping Mountain; though failed to stand the test of time, the Pagoda collapsed in early 1900s. In 2002, Leifeng Pagoda was reconstructed; then comes back the typical Sunset Glow over Leifeng Pagoda, one of the ten charms of West Lake, as the Pagoda looks especially majestic when surrounded by the golden hues of the setting sun. With combination of a traditional aesthetic style and modern architecture techniques, Leifeng Pagoda affords a view of West Lake in its entirety.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
While it's difficult to take your eyes off the tranquil waters, take time to gaze at the skies above West Lake. You'll be rewarded with the sight of two limestone mountains past the northern edge of the lake, one to the northeast and one to the northwest, five kilometers apart. On a drizzling day in spring or autumn, the two peaks come and go amongst the drifting rain clouds. And here comes the name of Twin Peaks Soaring through the Clouds, another scene you cannot miss around the West Lake.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
Personally I award the title of the Most Poetic to the Evening Bell at Nanping Mountain, out of the ten collections of the West Lake views. Nanping Mountain stretches along the southern bank of the Lake. At dusk, with the sun slowly drifting into the Lake on the west, a huge bell at Jingxi Temple, will ring its farewell to the last sunbeam of the day. With the prolonged bell sound reverberating across the Lake, the peaceful and sacred air offers you a perfect occasion for meditation.
Photo Source: hangzhou.gov.cn
If you can catch one of the tour coaches that leave after dusk, the Three Pools Mirroring the Moon should not to be missed. Just off the southern shore of the Island of Little Oceans stand three small pagodas that seem to float on the water. Each about 2 meters high, when candles are placed inside on moonlit nights, the effect is of 4 moons dancing on the shimmering night waters. The scene is especially magical when the giant glowing moon on the night of Mid-Autumn Day is overhead.
In recent years, the people of Hangzhou have selected "Ten New Scenes of the West Lake," as well as built a few new attractions – for example a tea museum, a silk museum, etc. The ten new scenes are beautiful, and the new attractions will leave you with a greater appreciation for the area's famous commodities. But if you only have a day, it's tough to argue with the tried and true.